o Compared with several decades ago, how common are food-related illnesses today?
Food-related illnesses have a huge impact on people. 200,000 people are sickened by a foodborne disease. More than a quarter of the American population suffers from a foodborne disease. It has risen the past few decades.
o How has the centralization of food production influenced the spread of food-related illnesses?
The centralization of food production influenced the spread of food-related illnesses is that McDonald's meat is all the same. A single hamburger patty could be from a hundred different cows, which are shipped all over the world. So, some of the tainted meat would be shipped to different chains, selling their tainted meat.
o What authority does the U.S. Government have to demand the recall of tainted meat?
The U.S. Government has almost no power to shut down a meatpacking company to remove contaminated , ground beef. Meatpacking is made by close ties to Republican members in Congress.
o What are most of the microbes in meat spread by?
Fecal material, like #2 as some people would say, is contaminated into the meat.
o What was the first national hamburger chain & what did it do to try to change the image of the hamburger?
White Castle was the first national hamburger chain. And that was in the 1920's, and people could live off those burgers. McDonalds was unheard of in the 50's. McDonalds hamburgers were ideall food for small children, because it has finger food and it was easy to chew.
o What are the effects of E. coli 0157:H7 on the human body?
THe effects of E. Coli on the human body is by abdominal cramps, watery, bloody diarrhea. It is sometimes accompained by a low fever and vomiting.
o What are some of the ways people can be infected with E. coli 0157:H7?
Some ways that E. Coli came into the body was by Shiga toxins enter the bloodstream, and the cause Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome, which leads to kidney failure, anemia, internal bleeding, and strokes. Those cases are about 4% of all the confirmed reports. A kidney infection is seen as a base for E. Coli. Most cases are contamineted by undercooked ground beef.
o What kinds of things are fed to cattle, things that might facilitate the spread of pathogens?
Things that are fed to cattle that might facilitate the spread of pahtogens are sprouts, salad greens, cantaloupe, salami, rew milk, and unpasteurized apple cider. THey might have come intact by feces of deer, dogs, horses, and flies.
o How does the risk of contamination for ground beef compare with the risk of contamination of whole cuts of beef?
There are thousands of cows in a single piece of ground beef. If thousands of cows are in a single piece of ground beef, can be transported throughout the country. Contamination for a whole part of beef would be centralized, and you'd know where it is going.
o Why is the author concerned about the use of older dairy cattle to make ground beef?
Older dairy cattle are ceceptible to carry pathogens. Even more cows would be prone to get more and more pathogens.
o How has the meatpacking industry generally responded to health concerns about the nation's beef?
The meatpacking industry respond to health concerns about the nation beef for various reasons. The meatpacking companies that deny any responsibility for what happended, and they say there is never any reason to be concerned about the cattles health.
o What was the Streamlined Inspection System launched by the USDA?
The Streamlined Inspection System launched by the USDA was an attempt to maximize the inspection process through which the meat plants had the ability to inspect their own meat. Instead of using an opposed outside force to do it themselves.
o How did the Jack In The Box restaurant chain respond to its outbreak of salmonella?
The Jack in the Box restaurant chain responded to this outbreak by actually having a new outlook on food safety. Jack in the Box became the first of all the other fast food chains to begin to buy meat only from the two meat processing plants that were considered to be most safe.
o What criticisms does the author have of the current recall system for tainted meat?
Schlosser criticized the current recall system for tainted meat because the U.S. government cannot exercise any control or make any recall on their own. The meat packing companies have no obligation to inform the general public of the recall, basically keeping the public out on what was happening. This could possibly lead to E. Coli, and puts the general population at risk for future contaminations.
o What are the advantages and disadvantages of irradiating meat?
The advantage of irradiating meat it kills off all the bacteria in the meat. With every good solution, there is always a disadvantage. A disadvantage to the process is that the companies could potentially ignore sanitation ignorantly believing that the irradiating ability will leave no chance of infection.
o What kind of meat is selected for consumption in public schools?
The meat that is selected and bought for public schools is the more commonly found and cheaper meat. Meat, that really isn't meat, but cheap meat that they can sell for two dollars a burger.
Tuesday, February 23, 2010
Monday, February 22, 2010
Fast Food Nation Chapter 8
o How does the injury rate in meat packing compare with the injury rate in other occupations?
The injury rate in meat packing is a lot more dangerous than most occupations. There are a lot of safety procedures that they have chainmail on. The last time I've hard about someone using chainmail was in the middle ages. All workers are making about 2-3 cuts a second.
o What kinds of injuries do workers in meatpacking plants typically suffer?
There are many kinds of injuries that the workers recieved during their work hours. They make about 2-3 cuts a second inside a slaughterhouse. After about 10,000 cuts, the knife would feel dull, and can cause pain from the hand down to the spine. It can also place pressure on the tendons, joints, and nerves. Lacerations are also common, since their working with knives. They routinely get stabbed, stab themselves, or acidntally cutting themselves.
o What the impact on workers of speeding up the line in meatpacking plants?
The impact of workers speeding up the live is meatpacking plants is that they are making a higher profit when they speed out the line. Because of market pressures, the companies need to make profits. The faster the line, the more profits that the company are making.
o Why don't more workers complain about safety conditions in the plants?
Most workers don't complain about their jobs because they need the money to support their families. Most of the employees are immigrants that make a ton more than what they would be making. They might earn as much as 30,000 dollars a year, plus benefits.
o What role do supervisors play in the reporting of workplace injuries in meat processing plants?
Supervisors play a role in reporting workplace injuries in meat processing plants. Their role is by not playing a role. The supervisors have relationships with many of the female workers. For the female workers, they are gaining a secure spot in American society, a husband, or an easier jobs at the plant. Supervisors are known for having multiple affairs, and using drugs.
o What does the author describe as the most dangerous type of work in these plants and what kinds of injuries do these workers risk?
The author describes as the worst job in the plant is the late-night cleaning crews. They throw up, and you can use all the soap you want, your not getting rid of the smell. Someone lost an arm, and is now folding towels in the break room.
o What has been the impact of allowing plants to maintain their own injury logs?
The impact of allowing plants to maintain their own injury logs is that they can cover up accidents. If someone lost an arm, they wouldn't write it write it down. In 1985, the OSHA log recorded only 160 incedents, which was off by abot 1,000 percent. They later found out that the IBP lied about their incedents report.
o How has the authority of OSHA changed over time?
When Regan was elected, the OSHA was understaffed and underfunded. Later on, the OSHA had power to close an IBP plant.
o What does the author think about claims that meatpacking plants have a great deal of concern about the health and well being of their workers?
The author thinks that meatpacking plants is a bunch of garbage. The IBP would make the workers who just had surgery or an amputation go to work. The IBP nurses would write down fake logs. They said that the people were cry-babies.
o From a worker's point of view, what are some of the problems with Colorado's workers' compensation law?
The problem of the Colorado's worker' compensation law was that workplace safety hasn't grown serious. If you got a workers compensation, Monfort fired him, even if a worker was with a company for 16 years. He did all the company asked of him. SO, the company will get rid of recuperating workers.
The injury rate in meat packing is a lot more dangerous than most occupations. There are a lot of safety procedures that they have chainmail on. The last time I've hard about someone using chainmail was in the middle ages. All workers are making about 2-3 cuts a second.
o What kinds of injuries do workers in meatpacking plants typically suffer?
There are many kinds of injuries that the workers recieved during their work hours. They make about 2-3 cuts a second inside a slaughterhouse. After about 10,000 cuts, the knife would feel dull, and can cause pain from the hand down to the spine. It can also place pressure on the tendons, joints, and nerves. Lacerations are also common, since their working with knives. They routinely get stabbed, stab themselves, or acidntally cutting themselves.
o What the impact on workers of speeding up the line in meatpacking plants?
The impact of workers speeding up the live is meatpacking plants is that they are making a higher profit when they speed out the line. Because of market pressures, the companies need to make profits. The faster the line, the more profits that the company are making.
o Why don't more workers complain about safety conditions in the plants?
Most workers don't complain about their jobs because they need the money to support their families. Most of the employees are immigrants that make a ton more than what they would be making. They might earn as much as 30,000 dollars a year, plus benefits.
o What role do supervisors play in the reporting of workplace injuries in meat processing plants?
Supervisors play a role in reporting workplace injuries in meat processing plants. Their role is by not playing a role. The supervisors have relationships with many of the female workers. For the female workers, they are gaining a secure spot in American society, a husband, or an easier jobs at the plant. Supervisors are known for having multiple affairs, and using drugs.
o What does the author describe as the most dangerous type of work in these plants and what kinds of injuries do these workers risk?
The author describes as the worst job in the plant is the late-night cleaning crews. They throw up, and you can use all the soap you want, your not getting rid of the smell. Someone lost an arm, and is now folding towels in the break room.
o What has been the impact of allowing plants to maintain their own injury logs?
The impact of allowing plants to maintain their own injury logs is that they can cover up accidents. If someone lost an arm, they wouldn't write it write it down. In 1985, the OSHA log recorded only 160 incedents, which was off by abot 1,000 percent. They later found out that the IBP lied about their incedents report.
o How has the authority of OSHA changed over time?
When Regan was elected, the OSHA was understaffed and underfunded. Later on, the OSHA had power to close an IBP plant.
o What does the author think about claims that meatpacking plants have a great deal of concern about the health and well being of their workers?
The author thinks that meatpacking plants is a bunch of garbage. The IBP would make the workers who just had surgery or an amputation go to work. The IBP nurses would write down fake logs. They said that the people were cry-babies.
o From a worker's point of view, what are some of the problems with Colorado's workers' compensation law?
The problem of the Colorado's worker' compensation law was that workplace safety hasn't grown serious. If you got a workers compensation, Monfort fired him, even if a worker was with a company for 16 years. He did all the company asked of him. SO, the company will get rid of recuperating workers.
Sunday, February 21, 2010
FFN Chapter 7: Cogs in the Great Machine
o What changes did IBP introduce to the meat packing industry?
Changes that IBP (Iowa Beef Packers) introduced to the meat packing industry was almost like the speede line or the drive-thru, as it is called today. Instead of the grass-fed, regular ranching, the IBP made a production system for a slaughterhouse. It was a disassembly line, where one worker would stand in a line, doing the same task over and over again. Thus, reducing a high-paying, back-breaking job, into a job that had no skill workers. The IBP also put slaughterhouses close to the feedlots. They also cut the beef into primals like ribs and loins. When they did that, supermarkets didn't need their skilled butchers. Small processors and wholesalers went out of business when they added grinders to their factories. All these changes transformed the whole beef industry as we know it.
o Why were newer meat packing plants located in rural areas rather than in cities?
Meat packing plants were never located in cities, frankily because if they put those factories in the city, it would be a target for the strongholds of the nation's labor unions. If the plants were close to the nation's labor unions, they would could investigate what they could be doing at the plant. If you laid off workers that are in the union, the union would fight back, so it was only smart to have the union as far away from the plant.
o What were the links between IBP and organized crime?
In 1974, Currier J. Holman and IBP were conviecting for bribing union leaders and meat wholesalers. His links of organized crime in NY. The whole company was infiltrated by the mob basically.
o What has been the relationship between labor unions and modern meat packing plants?
The relationship between labor unions and meat packing plants are pretty bad. Most plants that used to have 40,000 emplyoees, now has 2,000, a 95% decrease. Wages were cut by 40%. 2/3 of the employees cannot speak english.
o How do wages in meat packing plants today compare with wages in the early 1900s, after the workers became unionized?
Wages today are about 9.25 an hour. Today's is about 1/3 of what it used to be.
o How high is the employee turnover rate in the meat packing industry and why don't the meat packing plants see this as a problem?
The employee turnover rate for ConAgra is about 80%. The safety director for ConAgra said in '94, that there was a 100% turnover rate. Although, the employees are at the bottom of the literacy scale, who cannot read or write in any language. A high turnover rate maintains a workforce that is harder to unionize.
o Where do meat packing companies go to recruit new employees? What is the “new industrial migrant?”
Meat packing companies go to Mexico, Central America, and southeast Asia. The new industrial migrants would continue to have the jobs because they are at the poverty line and they need to support their families. The companies don't have to worry about a union growing on their hands, because the migrnts cannot afford to have not have a job.
o What is the impact on small communities of having a meat packing firm?
The impact of small communities of having a meat packing firm is that they town-folk are overrun by migrants, and other workers working for the plants. Lexington, Nebraska, has been nicknamed "Mexingtom" on a few occaisains. The smell is also permeated throughout the whole town.
Changes that IBP (Iowa Beef Packers) introduced to the meat packing industry was almost like the speede line or the drive-thru, as it is called today. Instead of the grass-fed, regular ranching, the IBP made a production system for a slaughterhouse. It was a disassembly line, where one worker would stand in a line, doing the same task over and over again. Thus, reducing a high-paying, back-breaking job, into a job that had no skill workers. The IBP also put slaughterhouses close to the feedlots. They also cut the beef into primals like ribs and loins. When they did that, supermarkets didn't need their skilled butchers. Small processors and wholesalers went out of business when they added grinders to their factories. All these changes transformed the whole beef industry as we know it.
o Why were newer meat packing plants located in rural areas rather than in cities?
Meat packing plants were never located in cities, frankily because if they put those factories in the city, it would be a target for the strongholds of the nation's labor unions. If the plants were close to the nation's labor unions, they would could investigate what they could be doing at the plant. If you laid off workers that are in the union, the union would fight back, so it was only smart to have the union as far away from the plant.
o What were the links between IBP and organized crime?
In 1974, Currier J. Holman and IBP were conviecting for bribing union leaders and meat wholesalers. His links of organized crime in NY. The whole company was infiltrated by the mob basically.
o What has been the relationship between labor unions and modern meat packing plants?
The relationship between labor unions and meat packing plants are pretty bad. Most plants that used to have 40,000 emplyoees, now has 2,000, a 95% decrease. Wages were cut by 40%. 2/3 of the employees cannot speak english.
o How do wages in meat packing plants today compare with wages in the early 1900s, after the workers became unionized?
Wages today are about 9.25 an hour. Today's is about 1/3 of what it used to be.
o How high is the employee turnover rate in the meat packing industry and why don't the meat packing plants see this as a problem?
The employee turnover rate for ConAgra is about 80%. The safety director for ConAgra said in '94, that there was a 100% turnover rate. Although, the employees are at the bottom of the literacy scale, who cannot read or write in any language. A high turnover rate maintains a workforce that is harder to unionize.
o Where do meat packing companies go to recruit new employees? What is the “new industrial migrant?”
Meat packing companies go to Mexico, Central America, and southeast Asia. The new industrial migrants would continue to have the jobs because they are at the poverty line and they need to support their families. The companies don't have to worry about a union growing on their hands, because the migrnts cannot afford to have not have a job.
o What is the impact on small communities of having a meat packing firm?
The impact of small communities of having a meat packing firm is that they town-folk are overrun by migrants, and other workers working for the plants. Lexington, Nebraska, has been nicknamed "Mexingtom" on a few occaisains. The smell is also permeated throughout the whole town.
Sunday, February 14, 2010
Fast Food Nation Chapter 6
1. What are some of the problems facing cattle ranchers?
Some of the problems facing cattle ranchers is that the cattle will destroy the pastures adjacent to the farms. Hank, the man that the author meet, had described the forms of ranching. The form he didn't use was "raping the land," in which they would destroy the pastures. He practiced a range management system, which he would have 35 different pastures, and the cattle would spend 10-11 days to replenish the grass after the cattle ate the grass.
2. What impact has the consolidation of the meat packing industry had on cattle ranchers?
The McDonalds meat packing industry erupts a war that would determine the social and economic structure of the west. 5 companes control 55% of the market. The Top 4 meat packing industrys slaughtered only 21% of the cattle in the 70's, but now it 84%. These meat packers own the big feeders lock, stock, and barrel.
3. What are "captive supplies" of cattle?
Captive supplies of cattle is that either maintained in company-owned feedlots or purchased in advance through forward contracts. Meatpackers can flood with their own supplies when the retailers spending on beef per dollar went to 46 cents.
4. What was the impact of the Chicken McNugget on the poultry industry?
The impact of the McNugget on the poultry industry was that chicken growers have become powerless,and trapped in debt. The workforce is incredibly poor, and 2/3 of the american market is owned by 8 different companies. In '79, Fred Turner wanted a chicken dish that didn't have a bone in it and was the size of your thumb. McDonalds corporation was the second-largest purchaser of chicken in the US.
5. What are the conditions or terms of business under which most poultry farmers operate?
The conditions for most poultry farmers is extremely poor, and the poultry is turned into a manufactured, value-added product. Chicken growers provide the land, labor, the poultry houses, and the fuel. The farmers have to borrow money to build the poultry houses. That cost about 150,000 dollars. They might earn 12,000 dollars a year.
6. How does the nutritional value of a McNugget compare wih that of a hamburger?
The nutritional value of the McNugget appeared to be healthier than the other items. The McNuggets healthbenefirs were an illusion. The McNugget has a "fatty acid profile, that is more like beef than poultry. It has 2X as much fat than a hamburger.
7. Why would small independent cattle ranchers be afraid to speak out against the practices of large meat processors?
Small independent cattle ranchers are afraid to speak out against the practices of large meat processors is that there is fewer cattlle that are sold, and the beef can't be exported. The slaughterhouses require a large volume of cattle to operate. According to the book, "your competitors are our friends, and our customers are our enemies."
8. Which type of cattle rancher is currently facing the greatest economic difficulty?
Ranching families are land-rich and money-poor. The median age of ranchers is about 55 years old. The land remains private property, but can't be turned into a place for human activities.
9. How does the suicide rate for ranchers and farmers compare with the rate for U.S. citizens in general?
Ranchers were under extreme stress from the economic forces that bankrupted independent ranchers. Ranchers suicide rates are 3X higher than the rest of the national average.
Some of the problems facing cattle ranchers is that the cattle will destroy the pastures adjacent to the farms. Hank, the man that the author meet, had described the forms of ranching. The form he didn't use was "raping the land," in which they would destroy the pastures. He practiced a range management system, which he would have 35 different pastures, and the cattle would spend 10-11 days to replenish the grass after the cattle ate the grass.
2. What impact has the consolidation of the meat packing industry had on cattle ranchers?
The McDonalds meat packing industry erupts a war that would determine the social and economic structure of the west. 5 companes control 55% of the market. The Top 4 meat packing industrys slaughtered only 21% of the cattle in the 70's, but now it 84%. These meat packers own the big feeders lock, stock, and barrel.
3. What are "captive supplies" of cattle?
Captive supplies of cattle is that either maintained in company-owned feedlots or purchased in advance through forward contracts. Meatpackers can flood with their own supplies when the retailers spending on beef per dollar went to 46 cents.
4. What was the impact of the Chicken McNugget on the poultry industry?
The impact of the McNugget on the poultry industry was that chicken growers have become powerless,and trapped in debt. The workforce is incredibly poor, and 2/3 of the american market is owned by 8 different companies. In '79, Fred Turner wanted a chicken dish that didn't have a bone in it and was the size of your thumb. McDonalds corporation was the second-largest purchaser of chicken in the US.
5. What are the conditions or terms of business under which most poultry farmers operate?
The conditions for most poultry farmers is extremely poor, and the poultry is turned into a manufactured, value-added product. Chicken growers provide the land, labor, the poultry houses, and the fuel. The farmers have to borrow money to build the poultry houses. That cost about 150,000 dollars. They might earn 12,000 dollars a year.
6. How does the nutritional value of a McNugget compare wih that of a hamburger?
The nutritional value of the McNugget appeared to be healthier than the other items. The McNuggets healthbenefirs were an illusion. The McNugget has a "fatty acid profile, that is more like beef than poultry. It has 2X as much fat than a hamburger.
7. Why would small independent cattle ranchers be afraid to speak out against the practices of large meat processors?
Small independent cattle ranchers are afraid to speak out against the practices of large meat processors is that there is fewer cattlle that are sold, and the beef can't be exported. The slaughterhouses require a large volume of cattle to operate. According to the book, "your competitors are our friends, and our customers are our enemies."
8. Which type of cattle rancher is currently facing the greatest economic difficulty?
Ranching families are land-rich and money-poor. The median age of ranchers is about 55 years old. The land remains private property, but can't be turned into a place for human activities.
9. How does the suicide rate for ranchers and farmers compare with the rate for U.S. citizens in general?
Ranchers were under extreme stress from the economic forces that bankrupted independent ranchers. Ranchers suicide rates are 3X higher than the rest of the national average.
Saturday, February 6, 2010
Fast Food Nation Chapter 5
1. Who is J.R. Simplot? What connection does J.R. Simplot have to the fast food industry?
J.R. Simplot is a man who built an entire empire on french fries. According to the author Simplot "displays the contradictory traits that guided the economic development of the American West, the odd mixture of rugged individualism and a dependence upon public land and resources. (Pg. 111) J.R. Simplot's connection to fast food is his potato factory in Idaho, which processess about 1 million pounds of potatos a day. Why potatoes one might ask, but his factory takes those potatoes and they are transformed into french fries. French fries that are available at basically all fast food, mostly McDonalds, establishments all over the country, let alone the world.
2. How has to potato farms in Idaho changed in the last 25 years or so?
Idaho potato farms in Idaho have changed the past 25-ish years ago is that its productivity has been slowed. In '96-'97, prices of potatoes went from 5 dollars per hundredweight to $1.50 per hundredweight. Eventhough the prices have recovered, the annual income of a potato farmer is now determined on its "weather, world market, and the whims of the giant processors." There are now about 1,100 potato farmers left in Idaho, with half on them in the Potato Growers of Idaho.
3. What is PGI and how sucessful has it been in organizing Potato Farmers?
PGI is the Potato Growers of Idaho. About 1,100 potato farmers are left in Idaho with half of them being in the PGI. The PGI tried to create an alliance with Oregon and Washington, to unite the three top states of the potato industry. It was about as successful as the WWII Market Garden Operation (whiched failed). The alliance was undermined by a big processors, which had lucrative deals with a core of the farmers. Since, Potato farmers remain stubbornly independent.
4. What is the "Fallacy of Composition"?
The Fallacy of compsition is a belief that "what seems good for an individual will still be good when others do the same thing. Since WWII, the US has had to get new technology and then pushed farmers off the land. Through this, we've been relying on fertilizers, pesticides,fungicides, herbicides, advanced harvesting, etc.
5. What makes McDonalds French Fries taste different than French Fries at other fast food restaraunts?
McDonalds has been praised for their fries. Other companies use the same fries and the same fryers. McDonalds have used an oil with 93% beef talow, and 7% cottonseed oil. In the 90's, they switched to a pure vegtable oil. But to me, the author didn't really know why McDonald's French Fries taste better than other French Fries. Although, there are chemicals that you add to the fries that give them their specific tastes.
6. What are some of the differences between "artificial flavors" and "natural flavors?" Where is the "flavor industry located.
Artificial flavors are flavor additives to food. German scientests discovered the first artificial flavor by accident, and was the flavoring compound of grape Kool-Aid. It was then added to baked goods, candy and soda pop. It now gets around 1.4 billion dollars a year. Natural Flavor is also a man-made flavoring to sodas and other food products. The flavor industry is located in Dayton New Jersey in America. In Germany, its at the Haarmann &Reimer, and Takasago in Japan.
J.R. Simplot is a man who built an entire empire on french fries. According to the author Simplot "displays the contradictory traits that guided the economic development of the American West, the odd mixture of rugged individualism and a dependence upon public land and resources. (Pg. 111) J.R. Simplot's connection to fast food is his potato factory in Idaho, which processess about 1 million pounds of potatos a day. Why potatoes one might ask, but his factory takes those potatoes and they are transformed into french fries. French fries that are available at basically all fast food, mostly McDonalds, establishments all over the country, let alone the world.
2. How has to potato farms in Idaho changed in the last 25 years or so?
Idaho potato farms in Idaho have changed the past 25-ish years ago is that its productivity has been slowed. In '96-'97, prices of potatoes went from 5 dollars per hundredweight to $1.50 per hundredweight. Eventhough the prices have recovered, the annual income of a potato farmer is now determined on its "weather, world market, and the whims of the giant processors." There are now about 1,100 potato farmers left in Idaho, with half on them in the Potato Growers of Idaho.
3. What is PGI and how sucessful has it been in organizing Potato Farmers?
PGI is the Potato Growers of Idaho. About 1,100 potato farmers are left in Idaho with half of them being in the PGI. The PGI tried to create an alliance with Oregon and Washington, to unite the three top states of the potato industry. It was about as successful as the WWII Market Garden Operation (whiched failed). The alliance was undermined by a big processors, which had lucrative deals with a core of the farmers. Since, Potato farmers remain stubbornly independent.
4. What is the "Fallacy of Composition"?
The Fallacy of compsition is a belief that "what seems good for an individual will still be good when others do the same thing. Since WWII, the US has had to get new technology and then pushed farmers off the land. Through this, we've been relying on fertilizers, pesticides,fungicides, herbicides, advanced harvesting, etc.
5. What makes McDonalds French Fries taste different than French Fries at other fast food restaraunts?
McDonalds has been praised for their fries. Other companies use the same fries and the same fryers. McDonalds have used an oil with 93% beef talow, and 7% cottonseed oil. In the 90's, they switched to a pure vegtable oil. But to me, the author didn't really know why McDonald's French Fries taste better than other French Fries. Although, there are chemicals that you add to the fries that give them their specific tastes.
6. What are some of the differences between "artificial flavors" and "natural flavors?" Where is the "flavor industry located.
Artificial flavors are flavor additives to food. German scientests discovered the first artificial flavor by accident, and was the flavoring compound of grape Kool-Aid. It was then added to baked goods, candy and soda pop. It now gets around 1.4 billion dollars a year. Natural Flavor is also a man-made flavoring to sodas and other food products. The flavor industry is located in Dayton New Jersey in America. In Germany, its at the Haarmann &Reimer, and Takasago in Japan.
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